In the world of digital systems auditing our ability to assess systems effectively depends on one thing above all: clarity.

That clarity comes from two critical sources:

• Architecture diagrams, which show us how systems are structured.
• Documentation, especially technical implementation descriptions, which explain how those systems actually work.

Together, they form the foundation of a meaningful and actionable audit.

Architecture Diagrams: The Strategic Overview

Auditors may not always have deep technical expertise in every system they review. Architecture diagrams serve as a universal language, bridging the gap between technical teams and auditors. As auditors, we rely on architecture diagrams to:

• Understand the system’s structure, components, and data flows.
• Identify trust boundaries, integration points, and external dependencies.
• Spot potential security gaps or architectural weaknesses.

Technical Implementation Descriptions: The Operational Truth

While diagrams show us the “what,” documentation tells us the “how.” Technical implementation descriptions are where we find:

• Evidence of control implementation—how authentication, encryption, and access controls are enforced.
• Details about the technology stack, patching practices, and monitoring tools.
• Insight into process maturity—how well the system is maintained, updated, and secured over time.

This is especially important in EMERALD’s context, where transparency and accountability are not just values—they are requirements.

Why This Matters in the Audit Process

Architecture diagrams and technical implementation descriptions are indispensable in the audit process. They enhance clarity, enable risk assessment, ensure compliance, improve communication, and provide robust documentation. By investing in these artifacts, organizations can streamline audits, demonstrate accountability, and build trust with stakeholders, ultimately contributing to a more secure and efficient operational environment.

When these elements are missing or incomplete, audits become guesswork. But when they are present and well-prepared, we can:

• Conduct risk-based assessments that focus on what truly matters.
• Provide evidence-backed findings and practical recommendations.
• Help system owners improve—not just comply.

Key Takeaway

In initiatives like EMERALD, where digital trust is both a goal and a necessity, architecture diagrams and technical documentation are not just helpful—they are essential tools for building and verifying resilient systems.
We, as auditors from DNV, don’t just check boxes—we help ensure that systems are secure by design and transparent by default. And that starts with clear, accurate, and accessible documentation.